Blog

Boerbol Mastiff

Boerboel Mastiff

With so many varieties of mastiffs available, how can you tell the difference between a true Mastiff and a Boerboel Mastiff puppy? In fact, there are many differences. When you first meet your puppy, you will notice him or her a little nervous, unsure of themselves. But as they grow, these puppies are very loyal and sweet.

The great thing about working dogs is that they give you unconditional love and dedication. Mastiff puppies are amazing with children. If your child is friendly, affectionate, and loves to play with your puppy, you will love your dog as if he or she were your own. They love to be the center of attention and do not mind being the center of attention. They will show their owners who is boss.

A Mastiff makes a great addition to any family.

Because they have a special bond with their owner, they make great watchdogs, protectors, and masters. A Mastiff is also known for his or her powerful jaws and powerful bearing.

Many new Mastiff owners get anxious when they see their puppies grow up so fast, and it is so rewarding. Soon after you adopt a Mastiff puppy, you will see that your puppy has learned the habits that he or she will require to become a successful adult Mastiff. It’s important to remember that young Mastiffs have the same socialization patterns that all Mastiffs must go through. Training a Mastiff puppy involves bonding and gradually integrating the two breeds into the same household.

Do not expect that you will be able to instantly teach your Mastiff puppy to do everything for you. Many Mastiff puppy owners have their puppy on a leash when they go to work.

They may take the puppy out for walks on a leash, and they may even keep their puppy in a fenced-in yard. For the time being, the puppy must learn that he or she needs to listen to its owner, as well as to other people. It is this type of obedience training that can make a Mastiff a wonderful addition to your family.

Remember that you should never force your Mastiff puppy to obey you.

Remember that the Mastiff should be taught what you want him or her to do. A Mastiff puppy is also going to be hungry and tired, so you need to have your Mastiff puppy get enough exercise and food to keep him or her healthy.

It is going to take some time to train your Mastiff puppy. The first year or so will involve lots of patience and constant repetition. Remember that your Mastiff puppy is just like a small child; he or she needs to be loved and taken care of, just like any small child would.

A Mastiff puppy is a wonderful pet to have. If you want a loyal, well-behaved pet that you can rely on, then you should consider adopting a Mastiff puppy!

Adopting A Boerboel Mastiff

If you have ever seen a picture of a mastiff dog, you would instantly know what you are looking at, and that is why a lot of people have chosen to adopt a bourbon mastiff as their pet. These dogs are also known as American Bulldogs. It is said that these dogs were brought to America by English traders. As such, the mastiff dog comes from a lineage of bulldogs, hence the resemblance to a bull.

In choosing a suitable Mastiff for your family, you need to make sure that the breed is healthy and strong. The Mastiff breed is actually the smallest of the working breeds. Hence, your pet should be strong enough to cope with your training, yet should also be responsive and obedient to your commands. If you decide to have this kind of breed as your loyal companion, the cost involved in buying a good Mastiff will be more than worth it.

The English Mastiff is actually a smaller version of the bullmastiff. The English Mastiff can still be aggressive but is much gentler than its bulk counterpart.

You will need to remember that the Mastiff breed is not hostile to all kinds of people and is only prone to showing aggression to strangers. It is, therefore, best to house train your pet. This ensures that your mastiff will grow up to be a well-mannered pet that can be trusted around children and other animals.

The English Mastiff is a breed that requires a lot of exercises, especially since they are small in size. So you might want to adopt a large breeder of these dogs. However, even with proper care, the price of these dogs can be rather high, because the breeder needs to cover the expenses of special feedings and health checkups. However, you can be assured that these dogs will not suffer from any diseases and are free from many health problems common to other big breed dogs.

Once you have decided to adopt a mastiff, the next thing you need to consider is the cost of the adoption. Keep in mind that different dogs have different costs when it comes to adoption, so it is a good idea to do some research first.

You can ask the owner of a pet store if he can give you an average price for his breed. You can also ask the breeder for an average price for the particular dog you are interested in adopting. Once you have determined an average price, you can start looking for the right dog for you.

When you are looking for a Boerboel Mastiff for adoption, you should keep in mind that some characteristics will help you narrow down your choices.

The first thing to consider is whether the dog is known as a guard dog or not. Guard dogs are naturally protective of their owners. They have a strong, disciplined personality and are highly intelligent. They should therefore be calm, well behaved, and of average size. You should avoid choosing small dogs as they may not be able to provide you enough protection.

You should also consider the level of activity in which the dog is bred. guard dogs generally stay inside most of the time, while working dogs are usually outside. In general, working dogs require more exercise than guard dogs, so they might not be as suitable as a mastiff. The last thing you should consider when looking for a Boerboel mastiff for adoption is the owner’s history. It is always best to go with an experienced owner who has shown past dedication and patience.

In conclusion, you should keep in mind that there are several advantages and disadvantages of adopting a boerbee mastiff. A Boerboel mastiff is an exceptional dog that is well suited to many different types of families. He has great strength and intelligence. If you are planning to adopt him, make sure that you are ready for the responsibility because this type of dog requires a lot of effort and time devoted. Also, before adopting him, be sure that he is trained properly.

August 18, 2018
Boerboel Mastiff Puppies For Sale

Where To Get Boerboel Mastiff Puppies For Sale

Buying Mastiff puppies for sale from a breeder can be a good deal. However, you also have to remember that the breeder is likely working at a loss because he or she has had to euthanize many of his or her puppies. You are better off if you go to a professional breeder who is making his or her income from selling dogs and not from selling mastiffs. While they may charge more money for their Bolder German Shepherd puppies, they will be worth every penny.

Of course, you will need to pay for adoption fees. The fee is usually between twenty-five dollars and fifty dollars, depending on the breed and age of the dog. The breeder will take care of this for you. If you are adopting from a rescue group, expect to pay an even larger sum.

Once you have paid the adoption fee and the breeder has taken care of vaccinations and health checkups, you will need to pay for your puppy.

Check with local pet stores first. You can buy Bolder German Shepherd puppies for sale there cheaper than anywhere else. However, you should only buy there if the store says that they buy only top-quality dogs. If they don’t, it’s probably best to look somewhere else.

Many people think that breeders who sell Bolder German Shepherd puppies for sale are just trying to make money. The truth is that these breeders genuinely love dogs, and they do it to ensure that their dogs are kept happy and healthy. They would much rather give you a low-cost puppy than give you bad breeding dogs.

You may have to ask around to find reputable breeders in your area.

If you live near an obedience school, your vet, or other dog trainers, they might know of breeders. Ask around. Once you have a few breeders you know are reputable, go visit them and see what kind of puppies they are selling. Pay attention to how well the puppies are taken care of, and talk to the breeder about how long the puppies have been breeding.

Another way to find reputable breeders is by asking around. Go to obedience clubs, rescue groups, and any other places you know breeders hang out. Chances are that you will get positive feedback about the breeder. Ask the breeder about the puppies that they are selling, and if possible, see the puppies in person. Breeders who know what they’re doing are usually not afraid to show off the puppies in person. Pay attention to the general appearance of the puppies, and you should be able to tell right away if the puppies are right for you.

The cost of getting a Boerboel Mastiff for sale can vary depending on where you buy from.

If you buy from a breeder, you should get the puppies at no cost because the breeder typically takes care of everything. If you buy from a pet store, you might pay a discounted price but you might not know what kind of dogs you are buying, and you might have to pay for a pet insurance policy, among other things. Keep in mind that puppies are not cheap, but the price should not be the main consideration when you buy one.

If you cannot afford to get your own Boerboel Mastiff puppies for sale, there are other ways to get a puppy for a good price. Oftentimes, breeders advertise in local publications, in newspapers that specialize in livestock, and over the Internet. Oftentimes, breeders will sell puppies at a very low price for the first time, because they do not yet have the monetary resources to keep up with the cost of maintaining a breeder’s facilities.

Keep in mind that the breeder is more concerned about the welfare and happiness of the dogs he has now, rather than trying to make a profit off of them. If you can’t afford the breeder, he may be willing to consider selling the puppies to you at a reduced price, allowing you to save money for the deposit.

August 18, 2018
Boerboel Mastiff Puppies

Boerboel Mastiff Puppies

Boerboel Mastiff puppies can be a great family pet. They are small and very cute. Boerboel Mastiff puppies, which are often referred to as Mastiff puppies, is a breed of dog used for guarding. They do not do well in the wild but can be very affectionate in captivity.

While it has been said that Mastiffs have become very popular as family pets, it is not certain if this is true. It appears that dogs of this breed are the offspring of working Mastiffs that were not suitable for breeding. The Mastiff Puppies that are sold today are almost always mixed with another kind of breed or just a purebred Mastiff.

The temperament of Boerboel Mastiff puppies is very energetic and lively. Many people like them because they have a playful nature. They need to be constantly entertained with lots of attention and exercise. Some owners claim that they are very good guards and are not scared of any other animals or people.

Boerboel Mastiff puppies are said to be very loyal. Their strong and sturdy bones make them ideal for guard duty. Although the breed is supposed to be “quiet” the owner of a Boerboel Mastiff puppy may not have this impression.

If they are not properly socialized, this could cause problems later on.

Boerboel Mastiff puppies should be properly socialized before being bred. They do not usually show any aggressive behavior. But they should still be kept away from other dogs and cats. The owners of these puppies must be careful not to get them in the house during the daytime when there is no one around.

It is important to remember that Boerboel Mastiff puppies do not eat a lot. They usually do not eat solid food for the first three weeks after they are born. Their diet consists of human milk, raw vegetables, hay, and fruit. And it is not uncommon for them to be weighed at three months old.

Boerboel Mastiff puppies should be kept on a leash, to prevent them from escaping. They also need regular exercise. One way to get their exercise is to go for walks. The Mastiff puppies should be taken out on a long walk once a week. They should never be left at home alone.

As with all dogs, Boerboel Mastiff puppies require some grooming from time to time. The owners should regularly bathe them and have them groomed.

Boerboel Mastiff puppies are adorable, but they have a few issues that owners need to be aware of. This article will cover some of the most common problems you should be aware of and how to solve them before purchasing one of these dogs.

The first sign that the coat of a Boerboel puppy is thin and easily worn away by your dog is to notice that it’s shedding its coat too often. Boerboel mastiff puppies tend to lose their coats every two to three weeks, depending on the severity of their shedding. This shedding can be very difficult for you to control, as they will often shed uncontrollably.

It’s important to keep in mind that Boerboel puppies are prone to itching. This is a very typical problem with many Boerboel puppies and it’s something that you can help eliminate by using natural, gentle shampoos. By making sure that you use a shampoo that doesn’t contain chemicals, you can help to eliminate a great deal of these problems.

Another problem that owners often encounter is that the Boerboel tends to become overweight or obese because of their dog’s need to have constant access to food.

As a result, your dog’s food intake could go up without you even knowing it. This is a serious problem, so make sure you’re constantly watching your dog’s diet. If you don’t know what to watch for, you may want to consult with a vet.

Finally, you need to make sure you’re feeding your dog only a certain amount of protein. Boerboel mastiff puppies often require an unusually high amount of protein because their diets contain a lot of wheat and other grains. You may want to consult with your vet to determine how much protein your dog should have.

These are a few of the most common problems that owners encounter with Boerboel mastiff puppies. There are also a couple of problems that you can avoid if you’re careful enough to take care of these problems in advance. For example, you shouldn’t keep a dog outside all day long because you’ll need to make sure it gets plenty of exercises.

Also, you need to remember that your puppy can’t handle cold temperatures as well as an adult. So make sure you bring it inside from time to time.

Also, make sure that you give your puppy plenty of treats at mealtime because these puppies love their treats.

Boerboel mastiff puppies are beautiful, loving dogs that will provide years of faithful companionship. Just make sure that you pay attention to these tips and you’ll find yourself with a loyal friend for many years to come!

First of all, you need to make sure that you keep your Boerboel healthy and active. This means getting regular exercise, especially walks. If your dog is too inactive, it may not be able to fight off infections.

Also, you need to make sure that you give it lots of toys. Boerboel puppies love to chase after balls, so having toys around is important. It’s a good idea to buy multiple toys in different colors to encourage the puppies to play with.

You also need to make sure that you buy a nice dog bed for your puppy to lay on. Make sure it’s comfortable, and that it’s big enough.

You’ll also want to make sure that you put a warm blanket on the bottom of the bed. This way the puppy can reach it while it’s laying down to enjoy a comfortable night’s sleep.

Finally, you need to make sure you take care of any issues that may arise with your Boerboel before they become larger or worse. Because these dogs are naturally prone to weight problems, the best thing you can do to avoid them is to make sure you’re providing them with plenty of freshwaters. Also, make sure you keep their food clean and make sure you feed it the proper foods at all times.

August 18, 2018
Boerboel Mastiff For Sale

Boerboel Mastiff For Sale

Boerboel Mastiff for sale is a well-known breed of dog and is considered to be among the most intelligent breeds of dogs. The Boerboel is also known as the Bull Mastiff. It was originally bred in the Western Cape of South Africa but has since traveled all over the world, as the breed can live up to 100 years old if properly cared for. These dogs are often very affectionate and loyal and make great companions.

Before you buy a Boerboel Mastiff for sale, you must first know what kind of dog you want. Do you want a family pet or just a one-on-one companion? Knowing what you want in your dog will help you decide on the best breed for you.

Boerboel Mastiffs are used to guard farms and ranches and they are also used by police departments as well as many law enforcement agencies. They are also trained for search and rescue.

The breed is also considered a very good watchdog dog that is capable of barking at intruders and protecting your home.

Because Boerboel Mastiffs requires so much attention, it may not be the ideal choice for you if you have small children and pets at home. It does need a lot of exercise and playtime and will become bored easily. If this is the case, you may want to consider another breed of dogs such as a Labrador Retriever or a German Shepherd.

Since Boerboels are highly intelligent, they are often used as police dogs or hunting dogs. When working with a team, they are usually very alert. These dogs are excellent watchdogs because they can alert their master before they are disturbed. This breed is very trainable and will often bark at intruders to let them know that there are people around and that they need to come out of there.

A Boerboel is very similar to the German Shepherd and often mistaken for a German Shepherd. The Boerboel has its own distinctive appearance and is very distinct when compared to other Mastiffs, including the English Mastiff.

Their coats are silky and smooth and they have a soft underbelly. Their coats can be short and either wavy or straight and can also be coarse and dense.

Although they are extremely intelligent, these dogs tend to be quite difficult to housebreak because of their stubborn nature. They also tend to bark if a stranger comes near and can become destructive if they are not given enough time and attention.

You should never leave a Boerboel unattended while you are away because these dogs tend to have an explosive temper. They have a lot of energy and you will have to spend a lot of time trying to keep them from biting and destroying your belongings. They are also very sensitive to noise and have the instinct to protect their owners.

Boerboels can be very protective, which may cause you to fear that your family is in danger. They love to guard the home, so having a gate and gates is highly recommended. They are a bit territorial but can be trained to tolerate other dogs.

Boerboels are excellent watchdogs, especially if they are around children. They are highly intelligent, so even when training them, you must make sure that they are given proper attention. So that they will learn obedience quickly.

As with any type of dog, Boerboels are prone to having health issues such as hip and knee dysplasia. because of their size and structure.

You will need to make sure that you do your research about what your Boerboel can handle before deciding if this breed will be right for you. Make sure that you get information from other pet owners who own Boerboels to get an idea of what you would be up against if you were to own one of these dogs. The more knowledge you have the easier it will be to find a dog that is suitable for you and your family.

Buying A Boerboel Mastiff For Sale From The Right Breeder

Boerboel Mastiff for sale comes with a breed standard that is different from the American Staffordshire Terrier breed standard. However, the working dog breed can also act as an obedience dog, companion pet, and service dog. If you are planning to adopt this mastiff puppy, make sure you are ready to give it all it needs as a best friend. The cost of adoption can be a big issue for a new owner, but not when you know what you need to buy. So, consider these tips in buying a best friend.

First, you have to determine your budget. Aside from the breeder’s fee, there are other expenses involved such as spaying or neutering fees and other possible expenses incurred by the puppy. These costs can vary depending on the breeder. So, you must estimate how many dogs will you be adopting.

Next, you have to inquire about prices offered by different breeders.

You can look on the Internet for lists of breeders. There are also online groups that provide assistance and information on the topic. You can join these groups or communities that focus on bourbon mastiffs and learn more about the breeding process.

After finding the right breeder, ask about the process of adoption. Some breeders ask if you are ready for the first time of seeing these dogs. You have to prepare yourself for the cost of caring for these puppies such as food, grooming, and other vet expenses. Some breeders may even require you to pay for training sessions for the dogs.

Some breeders may ask for a down payment before offering the dogs for sale. If you cannot afford to pay the first-time fee, consider getting a full-term lease for your puppy instead. The breeder will give you a deposit, but then you have to pay for all expenses up until the full adoption fee is given to you. Make sure to ask the breeder about the policies before agreeing to buy a dog from them.

You can also ask for the breeder’s references to check if he/she is reliable and not just out to make a quick buck.

Ask for the owners’ contact numbers, and inquire about the status of their dogs. You should also ask about the cost of caring for the puppies, if possible. It would also be helpful to check the facilities where the breeder raises the dogs. You should also inquire about the breeder’s recommendation.

When choosing a breeder, consider the history of the breed. You can also search the Internet for blogs about the Boerboel Mastiff for sale and read about the experiences of other people. It is also wise to contact the breeder personally and ask questions. You can also talk about your options with the breeder before making an actual purchase.

A good breeder is always ready to take new customers.

They are also kind enough to provide information about the Boerboel mastiff breed and answer any questions that you might have. The breeder should also be good at answering all your questions, even the ones related to the pet. This will make you feel comfortable and assured about buying your new pet from them. If you follow these tips, you will be able to find a good breeder for the Boerboel mastiff for sale.

It is also very important to find out about the history of the breeder, especially if they are not known as an expert in breeding the Boerboel mastiff for sale. Ask some references from other people about their experiences. You can also look for online reviews to see if the breeder has good or bad feedbacks.

Besides, you can ask for information from the breeder themselves.

It would be a good idea to ask about the dogs that they have bred in the past and ask if the dogs are still being raised in good conditions. You can also ask about the health records of the breeder, to know what kind of health problems the dogs are exposed to.

Make sure that you really like the personality of the breeder before you decide to buy from them. There is no need for you to hurry once you have made up your mind to buy from the breeder. Take time to interview a breeder to find out more about the dog you are planning to get. Also, take time to choose the one that really suits your expectations, as well as the one that fits your budget.

Buying a Boerboel Mastiff for sale from a good and reputable breeder, who really knows how to take care of dogs, is really a great investment. However, you should not rush when it comes to buying a new dog.

Talk things over with the breeder first, and make sure that you are both comfortable with the choice you have made. Remember, good breeders should be able to provide you not only the necessary information about the dogs they have available for sale but also the background of the dogs themselves.

August 18, 2018
Boerboel Mastiff Breeders

Where To Find Boerboel Mastiff Breeders

Boerboel Mastiff breeders can provide you with an adorable companion with the highest level of loyalty. They are the ideal candidate for all sorts of puppy mills and dog rearing facilities. However, it can be difficult to locate a reputable breeder who will offer you a healthy, happy, and respectful dog. Here are tips to help you locate the right breeder for your Booner:

It is often best to visit a breeder personally. Personal visits allow you to get to know the breeder and the dogs while also having them meet and greet you as you come into the facility. Most breeders welcome inquiries from potential owners, but some may require a phone call before any further contact. When visiting a breeder, take note of how friendly they are and whether or not the facility looks clean and orderly.

The Boerboel is a large, black-masked mastiff-type dog native to South Africa with an average head size of 20 inches.

This heavy-set dog breed is medium in size with an average-sized chest and strong, bloody bones. Its head looks quite black with an average length between its muzzle and eyes of around fourteen inches. Some have wide mouths while others have small, hook-shaped bites.

If you are planning on adopting a Boerboel, there are many opportunities to purchase puppies in the shelter. These animals cannot be adopted from pet stores because they are overbred. However, if you are looking to adopt them yourself, the internet can be your greatest ally in your search. You can check out the local shelters and breed rescue groups.

These organizations often offer free puppy classes where you can meet and interact with other prospective owners of the dogs. If you plan on taking care of these dogs long-term, make sure you already know their temperament.

Boerboel breeders that provide the right environment and nurturing will not only help you select the right puppy but they will also help you raise them well.

They should have plenty of space to play and socialize with other dogs. In addition to that, breeders that also provide foster homes for abandoned or rescued puppies will make a dog feel safe and comfortable in your home. They should be good sources of advice and help with any problems that may arise.

These dogs need a lot of attention and exercise. Breeders and shelter workers can help provide these necessities. Be wary of puppy mills and facilities that house these dogs cheaply. They will most likely be unhealthy and in the dark about the health problems they may possess. If possible, try to find breeders and shelters that offer long-term adoptions of dogs.

When you contact breeders or shelters, make sure you check their references.

Contacting the references of breeders or shelter workers who have previously adopted or sold the dogs is important. Their opinions and experiences with the previous owners will help you make the right choice when choosing a Boerboel.

The Internet also provides a great source of information for you to research before you make a final decision. You can check out the different Bonerboels breeds, read about their history and consider if it would be a good pet for you. You can also search for organizations that help save dogs like yourself. With the Internet’s many resources, you should be able to find a Bonerboel that will be a good fit for you.

While it is better to choose breeders or rescue groups within your own community, you may not be able to do so. There are national organizations that help save dogs in need. Contact the nearest shelter or breeder and ask them if they are aware of any local resources that help dogs in Boerne.

You may also want to consider joining a local puppy rescue group.

The group may also have information about local resources. Your veterinarian may also be a resource for you to research a good breeder of puppies. The vet can tell you more about specific issues with the dogs like ear infections, heartworm disease, flea infestations, and behavioral problems. Veterinarians can also help you decide whether a particular breed is the right one for you.

It is also a good idea to look for a breeder that is licensed through the American Kennel Club. This will ensure that he has taken all measures to assure that his dogs are good breeding animals. The breeder should also have kept up on the latest advancements in the veterinary field. Be sure to ask breeders how many times he has taken the dogs to the vet, and for the frequency of the visits. You can determine whether or not a breeder is a good fit for you by asking these questions.

August 18, 2018
Boerboel Mastiff

Boerboel Mastiff – Everything You Should Know About This Great Dog Breed

The Boerboel Mastiff could be an excellent pet for the family if you already have other pets at home and if the size of the family is large enough. Due to their strong loyalty towards their owners, they make perfect guard dogs and wonderful pets. They’re also good with kids of all ages, although they should still be supervised closely around young children because of their size. They are very protective of children and won’t let any strangers come near them, but unlike other dogs, will not greet any visitors in a disapproving manner.

These dogs were originally bred to protect Africa and they were used by the Bushmen to hunt down elephants, lions, zebras, and buffaloes. You can keep them as hunting dogs or as house dogs, which are very well trained. Their coats don’t need brushing very often and their lives span is usually between eight and twelve years. Most live for eight years.

Their price varies greatly from one place to another, but the average of three hundred dollars and up is usually the going rate.

However, you can often get a lower cost when you adopt an older dog. The American Kennel Club doesn’t list the Boerboel in their breed listings, so it’s difficult to find one to buy. But you can ask around and many people own African Greys or Boerboels that would be more than happy to help you out in finding the right dog for you and your family. You might even be able to bargain with them for a lower price.

This Boerboel mastiff is extremely protective of its owner and it will bark at anyone who comes near it, especially those intruders that disturb its territory. This also makes a great guard dog for any home, especially if you have a large family. When it becomes aggressive, it will hold its ground until its owner decides it is relaxed enough to be let free. It will also keep anyone from stealing your goats or cows because of its strong attitude.

In terms of grooming, this is a breed that does not require daily brushing, but it does require cleaning regularly. This is especially true for the purebred dog since it has a shorter coat. Also, most Boerboels shed regularly. This can be a good thing since it keeps their coats looking nice and fluffy.

If you are looking to adopt a Boerboel Mastiff, you may want to look into the various breeds and which one is for you.

There are various places to adopt a puppy from including shelters and rescues. You will also want to research the cost to adopt a dog to see what the average cost is. Depending on the type of breed that you adopt, you may not be able to afford the full price of the puppy.

Once you decide to adopt a Boerboel mastiff dog, you need to decide where to adopt one from. While some certain locations and breeders will offer high-quality dogs, some will not. You will want to make sure that you find a reputable breeder that can provide you with the proper care and advice that you need for your new guard dog. This will help to ensure that you can properly train your new puppy. The breeders that you should choose for your new dog should have been in business for many years and should have plenty of references that you can check out.

The Boerboel Mastiff is one of the larger dogs that you can get but they do make very loyal pets. They can live in any home whether it is large or small, big city or country. With the amount of power that this breed has, they will be able to protect you from any bad things that might happen. If you are looking for an excellent guard dog then this is one of the best dogs for you to consider.

August 18, 2018